这篇文章上次修改于 2419 天前，可能其部分内容已经发生变化，如有疑问可询问作者。 如何在 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 服务器上无需完整安装即可创建虚拟机？如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上使用 KVM 云镜像？ 基于内核的虚拟机（KVM）是 Linux 内核的虚拟化模块，可将其转变为虚拟机管理程序。你可以在命令行使用 Ubuntu 为 libvirt 和 KVM 提供的虚拟化前端通过 KVM 创建 Ubuntu 云镜像。 这个快速教程展示了如何安装和使用 uvtool，它为 Ubuntu 云镜像下载，libvirt 和 clout_int 提供了统一的集成虚拟机前端。 <!--more--> ###步骤 1 - 安装 KVM ``` $ sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils cpu-checker $ kvm-ok ## [configure bridged networking as described here][3] $ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces $ sudo systemctl restart networking $ sudo brctl show ``` 参阅如何在 [Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Headless 服务器上安装 KVM](https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/installing-kvm-on-ubuntu-16-04-lts-server/ "Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Headless 服务器上安装 KVM") 以获得更多信息。 ###步骤 2 - 安装 uvtool ``` $ sudo apt install uvtool ``` 输出 ``` [sudo] password for vivek: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gksu libgksu2-0 libqt5designer5 libqt5help5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5xml5 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python3-notify2 python3-pyqt5 python3-sip Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following additional packages will be installed: cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool-libvirt Suggested packages: cloud-utils-euca shunit2 python-pyinotify-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool uvtool-libvirt 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1,211 kB of archives. After this operation, 6,876 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 distro-info amd64 0.17 [20.3 kB] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 python-boto all 2.44.0-1ubuntu2 [740 kB] Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 python-pyinotify all 0.9.6-1 [24.6 kB] Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring all 2013.11.11 [4,504 B] Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 cloud-image-utils all 0.30-0ubuntu2 [17.2 kB] Get:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 python-simplestreams all 0.1.0~bzr450-0ubuntu1 [29.7 kB] Get:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 socat amd64 1.7.3.2-1 [342 kB] Get:8 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 uvtool all 0~git122-0ubuntu1 [6,498 B] Get:9 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 uvtool-libvirt all 0~git122-0ubuntu1 [26.9 kB] Fetched 1,211 kB in 3s (393 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package distro-info. (Reading database ... 199933 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-distro-info_0.17_amd64.deb ... Unpacking distro-info (0.17) ... Selecting previously unselected package python-boto. Preparing to unpack .../1-python-boto_2.44.0-1ubuntu2_all.deb ... Unpacking python-boto (2.44.0-1ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package python-pyinotify. Preparing to unpack .../2-python-pyinotify_0.9.6-1_all.deb ... Unpacking python-pyinotify (0.9.6-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring. Preparing to unpack .../3-ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring_2013.11.11_all.deb ... Unpacking ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring (2013.11.11) ... Selecting previously unselected package cloud-image-utils. Preparing to unpack .../4-cloud-image-utils_0.30-0ubuntu2_all.deb ... Unpacking cloud-image-utils (0.30-0ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package python-simplestreams. 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Setting up uvtool-libvirt (0~git122-0ubuntu1) ... ``` ###步骤 3 - 下载 Ubuntu 云镜像 你需要使用 uvt-simplestreams-libvirt 命令。它维护一个 libvirt 容量存储池，作为一个简单流simplestreams源的镜像子集的本地镜像，比如 Ubuntu 云镜像。要使用当前所有 amd64 镜像更新 uvtool 的 libvirt 容量存储池，运行： ``` $ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt sync arch=amd64 ``` 要更新/获取 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial/amd64) 镜像，运行： ``` $ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt --verbose sync release=xenial arch=amd64 ``` 示例输出： ``` Adding: com.ubuntu.cloud:server:16.04:amd64 20171121.1 ``` 通过 query 选项查询本地镜像： ``` $ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt query ``` 示例输出： ``` release=xenial arch=amd64 label=release (20171121.1) ``` 现在，我为 Ubuntu xenial 创建了一个镜像，接下来我会创建虚拟机。 ###步骤 4 - 创建 VM 是时候创建虚拟机了，它叫 vm1，即创建一个 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 虚拟机： ``` $ uvt-kvm create vm1 ``` 默认情况下 vm1 使用以下配置创建： 内存：512M 磁盘大小：8GiB CPU：1 vCPU core 要控制内存、磁盘、CPU 和其他配置，使用以下语法： ``` $ uvt-kvm create vm1 \ --memory MEMORY \ --cpu CPU \ --disk DISK \ --bridge BRIDGE \ --ssh-public-key-file /path/to/your/SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE \ --packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, .. \ --run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE \ --password PASSWORD ``` 其中 --password PASSWORD：设置 ubuntu 用户的密码和允许使用 ubuntu 的用户登录（不推荐，使用 ssh 密钥）。 --run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE : 第一次启动时，在虚拟机上以 root 身份运行 RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE 脚本，但再也不会运行。这里给出完整的路径。这对于在虚拟机上运行自定义任务时非常有用，例如设置安全性或其他内容。 --packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, .. : 在第一次启动时安装以逗号分隔的软件包。 要获取帮助，运行： ``` $ uvt-kvm -h $ uvt-kvm create -h ``` ####如何删除虚拟机？ 要销毁/删除名为 vm1 的虚拟机，运行（请小心使用以下命令，因为没有确认框）： ``` $ uvt-kvm destroy vm1 ``` ####获取 vm1 的 IP 地址，运行： ``` $ uvt-kvm ip vm1 192.168.122.52 ``` ####列出所有运行的虚拟机 ``` $ uvt-kvm list ``` ###步骤 5 - 如何登录 vm 语法是： ``` $ uvt-kvm ssh vm1 ``` 示例输出： ``` Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-101-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest: http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud 0 packages can be updated. 0 updates are security updates. Last login: Thu Dec 7 09:55:06 2017 from 192.168.122.1 ``` 另一个选择是从 macOS/Linux/Unix/Windows 客户端使用常规的 ssh 命令： ``` $ ssh ubuntu@192.168.122.52 $ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.122.52 ``` 一旦创建了 vim，你可以照常使用 virsh 命令： ``` $ virsh list ``` 引用： 1. https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-use-kvm-cloud-images-on-ubuntu-linux/ 2. https://linux.cn/article-9522-1.html
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