在docker-compose中使用本地目录

September 9, 2018

随着docker-compose版本3及以上版本的出现，volumes_from指令即将被移除。对于本地开发来说挂载本地目录到容器是一个很重要的需求，那么，现在你可以使用host bind方式挂载目录或定义存储卷
```
  web_app_cli:
    image: code4hire/dev-images:php-7.2-cli
    hostname: "web_app_cli"
    working_dir: /application
    volumes:
      - ./web-app/application:/application
```

主机相对路径./web-app/application安装到容器/application。看起来没什么问题，但假设同一个目录要在多个容器间共享呢？
```
  web_app_cli:
    image: code4hire/dev-images:php-7.2-cli
    hostname: "web_app_cli"
    working_dir: /application
    volumes:
      - ./web/application:/application

php-fpm:
    image: code4hire/dev-images:php-7.2-fpm
    volumes:
      - ./web/application:/application

nginx:
      image: nginx:latest
      ports:
        - "8080:8080"
      volumes:
      - ./web/application:/application
```
有洁癖的人不能忍
可以通过使用环境变量替换来改进
```
  web_app_cli:
    image: code4hire/dev-images:php-7.2-cli
    hostname: "web_app_cli"
    working_dir: ${WEB_DESTINATION_PATH}
    volumes:
      - ${WEB_APP_PATH}:${WEB_DESTINATION_PATH}

php-fpm:
    image: code4hire/dev-images:php-7.2-fpm
    volumes:
      - ${WEB_APP_PATH}:${WEB_DESTINATION_PATH}

nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - ${WEB_APP_PATH}:${WEB_DESTINATION_PATH}
```
并.env在docker撰写文件所在的同一级别创建一个文件
```
# web specific mounts and settings

# Application's path (absolute or relative)
# **IMPORTANT**
# If you are using docker-sync, the path is relative to the location of this file
# if you are NOT using docker-sync, and just docker-compose,
# the path is relative to the location of docker-compose.yml
WEB_APP_PATH=./web/application

# Path inside of container where the application will be mounted,
# This var can also be used as workdir value for docker
# MAKE SURE THE VALUE IS IN SYNC WITH YOUR NGINX OR APACHE CONFIG
WEB_DESTINATION_PATH=/application
```
处理.env和docker 时需要注意的一件重要事情是Docker处理键和值的方式，即没有特殊的引号处理。这意味着它们是VAL的一部分。
最佳实践当然是在docker-compose文件里直接定义啦：
```
...

volumes:
  web_app:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      o: bind
	  device: $PWD/web/application
```

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